Lecture 3: Lecture 3: It's Just a Phase I'm Going Through - The Moon

"But the Sun is eclipsed by the Moon."

Pink Floyd

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    • Date: September 6, 1994<
    Reading Assignment: pp. 13-23

    Description : Moon Phases and Eclipses

    Objectives

  • understand how annual motion affects the climate
  • understand the rotation and revolution of the moon
  • be able to identify when lunar phases occur
  • understand why eclipses do and do not occur
  • be able to identify the types of eclipses and their shadows

    • Lecture Outline

    Slide # 1: Lecture 3: It's Just a Phase I'm Going Through - The Moon

  • Lecture 2: A Quick Review
  • Seasons
  • Lunar Motion
  • Rotation and Revolution
  • Moon phases
  • Eclipses
    • Slide # 2: Lecture 2 : A Review
  • Celestial Coordinate Systems
  • Local- Altitude and Azimuth
  • Global - Right Ascension and Declination
  • Motion of the Earth
  • Apparent Motions in the Sky
  • Diurnal Motion
  • Rotation of the Earth
  • Annual Motion
  • Seasons
  • Solar and Sidereal Days
    • Slide # 3: Rotation
  • The Celestial Sphere Does Not Move
  • The Earth Rotates Inside the Celestial Sphere
    • Slide # 4: Revolution
  • The Earth Revolves Around the Sun
    • Slide # 5: Motion in the Sky
  • Diurnal Motion
  • The Sky Appears to Change due to the Earth's Rotation
  • One Rotation Takes One Day
  • Annual Motion
  • The Sky Appears to Change due to the Earth's Revolution
  • One Orbit (or Revolution) Takes One Year
    • Slide # 6: Why is it Cold in Winter?
  • On December 21, the Sun is at a Declination of -23.5 Degrees
  • How does this Influence the Climate?
    • Slide # 7: The Declination of the Sun Influences the Climate in Three Main Ways
  • The Days are Shorter
  • The Sun's Light is Spread Over a Larger Area
  • The Sun's Light is Scattered by More of Earth's Atmosphere
    • Slide # 8: The Days are Shorter
  • Objects at Low Declinations Spend a Smaller Fraction of Their Time Above the H
    • Slide # 9: The Sun's Light is Spread Over a Larger Area In Winter Slide # 10: During Winter, The Sun's Light Travel's Through More of the Earth's Atmosphere Slide # 11: Motion of the Earth
  • Rotation
  • The Earth is Spinning on its Axis
  • Revolution
  • The Earth Orbits Around the Sun
    • Slide # 12: Motion of the Moon
  • Rotation
  • The Moon is Spinning on its Axis
  • Revolution
  • The Moon Orbits Around the Earth
    • Slide # 13: The Moon is in Synchronous Rotation
  • The Rotation of the Moon takes Exactly as Long as Its Revolution.
  • The Same Side of the Moon Always Faces Earth
    • Slide # 14: Phases of the Moon
  • The Lighted Side of the Moon Always Faces the Sun
    • Slide # 15: Phases of the Moon
  • The View of the Moon from Earth Changes During Its Orbit
  • When the Moon is Between the Sun and the Earth, the Dark Side is Facing Toward
    • Slide # 16: The New Moon
  • The New Moon Occurs When the Moon is Between the Sun and the Earth
  • The Dark Side of the Moon is Facing Earth
    • Slide # 17: The Full Moon
  • The Full Moon Occurs When the Moon and Sun are on Opposite Sides of the Earth
  • The Lighted Side of the Moon is Facing Earth
    • Slide # 18: First Quarter Moon
  • The First Quarter Moon Occurs When the Moon is Half Way Between New and Full
  • As Seen from Earth, Half of the Moon's Disk Appears Illuminated
    • Slide # 19: Third Quarter Moon
  • The First Quarter Moon Occurs When the Moon is Half Way Between Full and New
  • As Seen from Earth, Half of the Moon's Disk Appears Illuminated
    • Slide # 20: The Story So Far Slide # 21: The View From Earth Slide # 22: Waxing and Waning
  • When the Moon is between New and Full, the Fraction of the Disk Which is Illum
  • This is Called Waxing
  • When the Moon is between Full and New, the Fraction of the Disk Which is Illum
  • This is Called Waning
    • Slide # 23: Waxing and Waning Moon Slide # 24: The Crescent Moon
  • When the Moon is Between New and First Quarter, it is called a Waxing Crescent
  • When the Moon is Between Third Quarter and New, it is called a Waning Crescent
    • Slide # 25: The Crescent Moon Slide # 26: The Gibbous Moon
  • When the Moon is Between First Quarter and Full, it is called a Waxing Gibbous
  • When the Moon is Between Full and Third Quarter, it is called a Waning Gibbous
    • Slide # 27: The Gibbous Moon Slide # 28: Moon Phases Slide # 29: Time On the Earth Slide # 30: Time On the Earth Slide # 31: Time On Earth
  • The Sun Will Be Setting at About 6pm
  • The Sun Will Be Rising About 6am
  • The Sun Will Not Be Visible At Midnight
    • Slide # 32: New Moon
  • As Viewed from Earth, the New Moon Appears to be Close to the Sun
  • It Will Be Found in the Sky at the Same Position as the Sun
  • The New Moon Will Be Setting at About 6pm
  • The New Moon Will Be Rising About 6am
  • The New Moon Will Not Be Visible At Midnight
    • Slide # 33: The Moon Diagram Again Slide # 34: Full Moon
  • The Full Moon Will Not Be Visible at Noon
  • The Full Moon Will Rise About 6pm
  • The Full Moon Will Set About 6am
    • Slide # 35: Eclipses
  • An Eclipse Occurs When the Sun, Moon and Earth Are Exactly in a Straight Line
  • This does NOT happen every month.
    • Slide # 36: The Moon's Orbit is Tilted By 28 Degrees From the Celestial Equator
  • The Rotation and Revolution Directions are the Same for Both the Earth and the
    • Slide # 37: The Moon's Orbit is Tilted By 5.2 Degrees from the Ecliptic Slide # 38: The Moon's Orbit is Tilted By 5.2 Degrees from the Ecliptic Slide # 39: Shadows of the Moon and Earth
  • The Umbra is the Inner Region of the Shadow Where the Sun is Completely Obscur
  • The Penumbra is the Outer Region of the Shadow Where the Sun is Partially Obsc
    • Slide # 40: Solar Eclipse Geometries Slide # 41: Solar Eclipse Appearances Slide # 42: A Total Solar Eclipse Slide # 43: Lecture 3: Review
  • Lecture 2: A Quick Review
  • Seasons
  • Lunar Motion
  • Rotation and Revolution
  • Moon phases
  • Eclipses
    • Slide # 44: Lecture 4: Science Methods, Misuse and Madness
  • The Scientific Method
  • Experiments and Statistics
  • Science and Society
  • Fringe Sciences and Pseudo-Sciences
    • Slide # 45: Lecture 3: It's Just a Phase I'm Going Through- The Moon
  • ...and everything under the sun is in tune, but the Sun is eclipsed by the moo